1. Carbohydrates- Carbohydrates are complex substances present in the form of sugars, starches, and cellulose. These are the primary products of photosynthesis. Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Each gram of carbohydrate which is consumed by us provides 4 Kcal.
2. Fats & Oils- Fats provide more than twice as much as carbs provide the energy i.e. 9 Kcal. These are esters of glycerol and fatty acids and contain hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen but the amount of oxygen is less as compared to carbs.
Trans-fatty acids: Hydrogenated vegetable oils, fast foods, chocolates, deep-fried foods
Unsaturated fatty acids: Corn oil, olive oil, seeds, Avacado, nuts
Saturated fatty acids: Coconut, butter, ghee, beverages, lards, meat
3. Proteins- Each gram of protein consumed by us supplies 4 Kcal of energy. Proteins are made up of amino acids. The proteins contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Some proteins work as biocatalyst and hormones to balance the chemical reactions that occur inside the body.
4. Minerals- Minerals are inorganic substances present in the food. For example- Salt other compounds of calcium, sodium, magnesium, chlorine, sulphur, etc. Minerals get converted into ash while heated at a high temperature of (550'c).
5. Vitamins- The low-molecular-weight organic substances are essential in the diet in a compact amount. Vitamins are required for normal growth, maintenance of health, and reproduction. Plants and microbes synthesize vitamins.
6. Water- Water is known as a "Universal solvent". 90% of water is present in fruits and vegetables. 80% of water is present in milk and 60-75% of the water is present in meat. Water is helpful in weight loss, helps you in glowing skin, keeps you hydrated, and regulates the number of body functions.
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